1. Overview of Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh
Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh is like a graceful green silk ribbon, connecting two lands and creating a unique landscape not easily found elsewhere. The pass is located at the border between Ninh Binh province and Thanh Hoa province, the Tam Diep mountain range stretches for over 20 km, with a width ranging from 2 km to 7 km, it is a natural connection point between the North and the Central region.
Tam Diep Pass is a complex of passes located on the Tam Diep mountain, serving as the natural boundary between Ninh Binh province and Thanh Hoa province. Administratively, this area is located in the border region between Tam Diep city (Ninh Binh province) and Bim Son town and Ha Trung district (Thanh Hoa province). Historically, the ancient Thien Ly road ran through the pass, but today National Highway 1 has been straightened and bypasses the Tam Diep mountain at Doc Xay, no longer passing through the old mountain road.
Due to the administrative division, of the three ancient passes, only the northern pass now belongs to Tam Diep city (Ninh Binh), while the middle and southern passes are within the territory of Bim Son town (Thanh Hoa). The terrain here features both limestone mountains and hills, forming the final limestone arc of the Hoa Binh range, extending close to the East Sea.
Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh plays an important role in connecting the Red River Delta with the Ma River Delta. The rugged terrain with three consecutive large peaks formed three connected passes, hence the locals call this place 'Deo Ba Doi', meaning three connected levels.
The historical value of Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh is highlighted by the Tam Diep – Bien Son defense line during the resistance against the Qing in 1789. This was a strategic stronghold chosen by the Tay Son dynasty as an important defense point, associated with the victories of King Quang Trung and General Ngo Thi Nham.
Tam Diep Pass, the junction between Ninh Binh and Thanh Hoa provinces. (Source: Collected)
2. History, culture, and anecdotes about Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh
2.1. Name, origin, and meaning
The name Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh carries deep historical and cultural meanings of the nation. "Tam Diep" means "three layers" or "three tiers", emphasizing the topographical characteristic of three overlapping mountain passes. Locals around the area often call it by the simple, familiar name "Deo Ba Doi", filled with affection and attachment.
The image of Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh has also appeared in ancient literary works, especially through the poetry of female poet Ho Xuan Huong, depicting the majestic beauty of the mountains and forests here.
2.2. Role as a historical defense line
Tam Diep Pass played an extremely important role as a historical defense line, most notably in the late 18th century during the resistance war against the invading Thanh army.
When the 290,000 Thanh troops invaded our country in late 1788, the Tay Son generals Ngo Thi Nham and Ngo Van So advocated a strategic retreat to this location, establishing the Tam Diep - Bien Son defense line. This was the final withdrawal limit, with the key mission of halting the enemy's advance and ensuring the safety of the rear. Immediately after, this defense line became the assembly point for the main army of King Quang Trung (from January 15 to 25, 1789) before he led the lightning campaign to the North to decisively defeat the Thanh army.
Earlier, in the 16th century, the Le - Trinh regime also utilized this rugged terrain to build ramparts, turning Tam Diep Pass into a boundary between the Southern and Northern courts. The forts and ramparts here continued to be used during the Nguyen dynasty to control the vital North-South "Thien Ly" road.
2.3. Relics and cultural imprints through time
In 1842, during a tour to the North, King Thieu Tri, a Nguyen dynasty king with a romantic soul, was moved by the scenery here and composed the poem "Qua Tam Diep Son" (Passing Tam Diep Mountain) with a heroic tone. Today, if one follows the legendary ancient Thien Ly road to the summit of Ba Doi Pass, visitors can admire the Ba Doi stele house. This is where a stone stele bearing the Han characters "Ngu che thi nhat thu" (Imperial poem, first piece) is preserved, along with the full text of this king's poem from yesteryear.
Relics such as earth ramparts, temples dedicated to Tay Son soldiers, and place names like "Go Cam Co" (Flag Planting Hill), "Go An Thu" (Report Hill) still remain today. These are remnants of the ancient defense line and also serve as a place to commemorate the merits of King Quang Trung and his soldiers. Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh was once a natural and administrative boundary of the Nguyen dynasty, associated with many legends of battles and sacred stories in folklore.
Tam Diep Pass once served as a historical defense line during the period of resistance against the Thanh army. (Source: Collected)
3. Geographical Structure and Landscape of Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh
3.1. Structure of Three Characteristic Passes
Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh is favored with a terrain consisting of three large passes, tiered like three sturdy steps amidst the mountains and forests. The North Pass is located near Tam Diep city with a height of about 75 to 80 m, serving as the first point welcoming visitors from the North. From this position, visitors can easily observe the panoramic mountain scenery, and it is also a favorite resting spot.
The Middle Pass, with a height of 110 m, is the highest point among the three passes, concentrated with many historical traces and primeval forests. This area is considered the "heart" of Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh, preserving many heroic stories and spectacular natural scenery. The South Pass, with a height of 80 to 90 m, is located in the area of Bim Son, Thanh Hoa, playing an important role in connecting the southern localities.
3.2. Majestic Limestone Mountain Nature
The mountain range of Tam Diep Pass stretches over 20 km, featuring many peaks approximately 200 m high, with the highest peak reaching 570 m in the Northwest bordering Hoa Binh. The terrain is mainly limestone, creating jagged mountain masses, interspersed with small valleys and cool streams.
The current majestic natural landscape of Tam Diep Pass has changed significantly compared to its wild and rugged appearance in the past. Nowadays, the landscape on both sides of the Thien Ly road through the pass has less undergrowth, replaced by beautiful, lush green hillsides cultivated with crops such as pineapple, lychee, and longan.
However, the majesty of the pass still remains. Upon reaching the summit of the pass, visitors will stand amidst a vast and high green natural space, and from here can cast their eyes down to Canh Chim Lake with its tranquil beauty below.
Majestic landscape of Tam Diep Pass. (Source: Collected)
4. Transportation, infrastructure, and new experiences at the pass
4.1. Modern transportation system of Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh
2023 is a memorable milestone for the transportation system at Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh as the North-South expressway section Mai Son – QL45 became operational. Two modern tunnels were built through the pass, not only shortening travel time but also enhancing safety for residents and tourists, day and night.
National Highway 1A remains the main road running along all three passes, serving as the traditional North-South connection axis. This vital route is convenient for travel between provinces and offers opportunities to admire the beautiful natural scenery for those who love exploring Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh by traditional means.
4.2. Old mountain roads and trekking experience at Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh
The old mountain paths, crossing the forests of Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh, are now an ideal destination for trekking enthusiasts. Along the pristine valleys, this route winds through challenging sections, offering an unforgettable sense of conquest and discovery.
The most popular trekking route is walking through the middle pass, where visitors can stop at scenic viewpoints. Especially, the primeval forest space with fresh air will bring relaxation to everyone when exploring this place.
4.3. Inter-provincial transportation – how to get to Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh
From Hanoi, getting to Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh is very convenient thanks to means of transport such as private cars, limousines, or buses, with a travel time of about 2 hours for a distance of 100 to 105 km. The route has been upgraded, ensuring good quality, making the journey comfortable for visitors.
If starting from Ho Chi Minh City or distant provinces, the most suitable option is to fly to Tho Xuan Airport (Thanh Hoa) or Noi Bai Airport (Hanoi), then continue the journey to Ninh Binh by bus, train, or inter-provincial tourist transport services. In Ninh Binh, visitors can use motorbikes, taxis, or experience professional trekking tours specifically for groups who enjoy conquering nature.
The road to Tam Diep Pass is now very convenient for tourists from anywhere. (Source: Collected)
5. Experience exploration and check-in at Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh
5.1. Visiting ancient citadel relics and fortifications
On the middle pass summit, traces of earthen ramparts and deep moats are still evident, recalling a glorious historical period. Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh possesses many valuable relics, notably the shrine for soldiers and a stone stele from King Thieu Tri's reign. These relics hold historical significance and create a sacred space amidst the natural mountain and forest scenery.
Visitors can learn about the Tam Diep fortification through information boards and remaining traces. Exploring the relics helps visitors better understand the historical role of Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh, while also feeling the steadfast spirit of those who came before.
5.2. Sightseeing and taking photos for social media
Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh boasts beautiful scenery from the North and Middle pass summits, offering panoramic views of successive mountain ranges. The ideal moments for photography and enjoying the atmosphere are early morning when mist lightly covers the mountain peaks, or at sunset when gentle golden sunlight spreads across the valley.
The best photo spots are usually at curves overlooking the valley, high pass summits, the ancient shrine area, and the vibrant peach blossom gardens along the road. Visitors should prepare cameras and fully charged batteries to capture the wonderful moments. Especially, from Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh, one can admire the transformation of scenery from plains to winding, continuous mountain ranges.
5.3. Trekking combined with ecological exploration
A gentle trek along the old pass road of Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh offers a novel experience amidst the lush old-growth forest. Spring and summer are the most favorable times, with lush green vegetation and fresh, cool air throughout the four seasons.
Popular stops include refreshment stalls by the pass offering local specialties, peach gardens in full bloom in spring, and cozy homestays serving overnight guests. The trekking journey at Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh not only helps build physical strength but also provides an opportunity to immerse oneself in nature and feel the peace in modern life.
Don't miss checking in when visiting the Tam Diep defense line. (Source: Nhan Dan Newspaper)
6. Signature Cuisine of the Tam Diep Pass Area, Ninh Binh
6.1. Must-try Dishes When Visiting Tam Diep
Ninh Binh Crispy Rice is a must-try dish when visiting Tam Diep Pass, Ninh Binh. Each piece of crispy rice is crispy and fragrant from local Tam rice, eaten with a rich goat sauce, creating an unforgettable flavor, while also reflecting the characteristics of the ancient capital region's cuisine.
Mountain goat meat here is transformed into many attractive dishes such as raw, steamed, or grilled, utilizing goat ingredients raised on the Tam Diep mountain, so the meat is very fragrant and has no unpleasant odor. Thanh Hoa fermented pork roll with its harmonious sweet and sour taste is also a prominent specialty of the southern border region of Tam Diep Pass, Ninh Binh. Eateries along the pass serve a variety of dishes to customers, with clear signs, creating a friendly atmosphere for both passersby and local residents.
6.2. Suggested Eateries and Restaurants
Vu Bao Tam Diep Restaurant is a top choice with its famous specialty, Nhech fish salad. Additionally, the restaurant also serves other famous Ninh Binh specialties such as rice husk roasted goat, countryside hot pot (like eel hot pot), and fresh seafood. Regarding prices, this is a restaurant specializing in specialties, so the prices will be higher than the average; visitors can refer to Nhech fish salad for about 650,000 VND or hot pot dishes from about 250,000 VND.
If you want to enjoy goat specialties, Thanh Nga Luxury Restaurant is a worthwhile option. This restaurant specializes in Mountain goat dishes (such as lime-marinated goat, pan-seared goat) and Hill chicken, with the advantage of having its own farm providing clean ingredients. Prices here are quite reasonable, especially for groups, with set menus (per-person meals) priced from only 150,000 VND to 200,000 VND per person.
In case you need a quick, convenient meal on the main road, Com Viet Restaurant is located right on National Highway 1A (Quang Trung ward, Bim Son). The eatery serves traditional Vietnamese rice dishes, suitable for long-distance travelers and has the advantage of being open 24/7.
Vu Bao Restaurant is the number 1 choice for diners on their journey to Tam Diep Pass. (Source: Collected)
7. Tips for visiting Tam Diep Ninh Binh Pass 2025
Choosing appropriate clothing is an important factor when exploring Tam Diep Ninh Binh Pass . Tourists should bring cool, breathable clothing that provides sun protection, and especially sports shoes or trekking shoes with good grip to ensure safety. Other essential items such as drinking water and a camera will make the trip complete and help capture many memorable moments.
Environmental protection and preserving local culture require attention. Littering along the road should be limited, do not damage historical sites, and maintain a quiet atmosphere in sacred areas. Checking the weather before the trip is also very important, especially during the rainy season when roads can be slippery.
Safety is always the top priority when visiting Tam Diep Ninh Binh Pass . If choosing a motorbike, tourists need to thoroughly check their vehicle, control speed, and comply with traffic safety regulations. Avoid moving into dangerous areas, while also complying with monument preservation regulations to protect oneself and the local historical and cultural values.
8. Suggested 1-day itinerary for exploring Tam Diep Ninh Binh Pass
In the morning, tourists can depart from Ninh Binh center at 7 AM, arriving at Tam Diep Ninh Binh Pass to visit important historical sites such as the Thieu Tri stone stele, remnants of the earth citadel, and the temple dedicated to Tay Son soldiers. The visit, lasting 2 to 3 hours, will help visitors understand more about the history and culture of this place.
At noon, from 12 PM to 2 PM, tourists can stop at eateries along the pass to enjoy delicious dishes such as crispy rice crackers, mountain goat meat, Thanh Hoa fermented pork roll, and take the opportunity to interact and learn more about the culinary and cultural aspects of the local people.
In the afternoon, from 2 PM to 5 PM, spend time on a light trek along the old pass route, immerse yourself in the natural scenery, and take photos at scenic viewpoints. Combining visits to peach blossom gardens, remaining historical sites, and fortifications will make the exploration trip of Tam Diep Ninh Binh Pass complete.
After 5 PM, tourists can return to Ninh Binh center or choose to stay at homestays or hotels in Tam Diep to continue the journey the next day. Another option worth considering is to visit Sun World Ha Nam to enjoy colorful entertainment experiences in the evening. This is also an ideal time to share experiences with friends and the travel community on social media.
Entertainment experience combined with stunning lights at Doi Tam Drum Square (Source: Collected)
Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh converges all the elements to create a perfect tourist destination: deep historical value, majestic natural landscape, and unique cultural experience. In 2025, with modern transportation infrastructure and increasingly complete tourism services, this place is waiting for those who want to explore the unique beauty of the North. Don't miss the opportunity to experience Tam Diep Pass Ninh Binh in your journey to explore the North and share memorable moments with the travel enthusiast community!
