1. Introduction to Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh
1.1. Geographical location and identification of Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh
Nestled amidst the majestic Truong Yen limestone mountains, Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh is located in Nam Hoa Lu ward, just about 7 km southwest of Ninh Binh city center. Situated within the Trang An scenic complex, recognized by UNESCO as a World Cultural and Natural Heritage site, this place is also very close to other attractive tourist destinations, making it convenient for visitors to combine their explorations.
Bich Dong Pagoda is located amidst overlapping mountains and waters, with a charming feng shui position. (Source: Collected)
The terrain here clearly reflects the spirit of "leaning against the mountain, facing the water" in traditional Vietnamese architecture. The pagoda's back leans against a sturdy stone mountain, with lush green rice fields and a winding river in front. This harmonious combination not only creates poetic beauty but also brings a sense of tranquility, making it an ideal resting place for those seeking inner peace.
1.2. History of Formation and Development of Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh
The history of Bich Dong Pagoda originated in 1428, at the beginning of the Later Le dynasty, when a small pagoda was built on the mountaintop. Initially, it was just a simple place of worship, honoring Buddhist beliefs intertwined with the pristine mountain and forest landscape.
A major turning point in the pagoda's development occurred during the reign of King Le Du Tong (1705-1709). In 1705, two monks, Tri Kien and Tri The, came to practice Buddhism. Recognizing the special mountainous terrain, they, along with the local people, rebuilt the pagoda on a large scale, dividing it into three levels: Ha Pagoda (Lower Pagoda), Trung Pagoda (Middle Pagoda), and Thuong Pagoda (Upper Pagoda), following the mountain slope. From then on, the pagoda was gradually expanded, with the addition of Buddha statues and other worship spaces.
In 1774, when Lord Trinh Sam visited, he was captivated by the harmonious beauty between nature and architecture here, so he renamed the pagoda "Bich Dong", meaning "green cave", replacing the old name "Bach Ngoc Thach Son Dong". This name is still preserved to this day.
1.3. Outstanding Historical and Cultural Values of Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh
With a history of nearly 600 years, Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh is one of the oldest pagodas in the northern region of our country. Every architectural detail, artifact, or legend and anecdote about the pagoda contains profound historical value.
Scenery of Bich Dong Pagoda appearing amidst green mountains and white clouds. (Source: Collected)
Bich Dong Pagoda is a symbol of the harmony between ancient Vietnamese architecture and the landscape of mountains, rivers, and water within the Trang An complex - a World Cultural and Natural Heritage site recognized by UNESCO since 2014. This position not only highlights its cultural value but also demonstrates the pagoda's importance in the spiritual and mental life of the people.
The title "Nam thien de nhi dong" (the second most beautiful cave in the South, after Huong Tich Cave) shows reverence and high appreciation for this scenic spot. This name affirms the special position of the landscape and establishes the unique architectural imprint of Bich Dong Pagoda.
2. Directions to Bich Dong Pagoda
To reach Bich Dong Pagoda from Hanoi, visitors only need to travel along National Highway 1A towards Ninh Binh, a distance of about 100 km. From the center of Ninh Binh city, continue along the Trang An route or the Tam Coc – Bich Dong road for another 7 km to spot the pagoda's entrance amidst the poetic natural scenery.
Visitors can choose various means of transport suitable for their needs. Private cars or motorbikes are flexible options, allowing for spontaneous stops to explore places along the way. Additionally, taxis or package tours are also very convenient, suitable for those who want to fully enjoy the trip without worrying about transportation.
If traveling by bus, you should stop at the Ninh Binh city central bus station, then use a taxi or motorbike taxi to reach the pagoda. From the parking lot, visitors will walk along a path about 55m long, lined with old trees, with fresh air, creating a serene feeling before entering the sacred space of the pagoda.
For visitors coming from Ho Chi Minh City or the Central and Southern provinces, the most convenient way is to fly to Hanoi and follow the route above.
3. Explore the Architecture and Spiritual Experience at Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh
3.1. Architecture and Landscape
The most outstanding feature of the architecture of Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh is its three-tiered layout in the shape of the character "Tam" (三), a style rarely seen in Vietnamese pagodas. The three pagodas: Ha, Trung, and Thuong are built on three different elevated levels along the mountainside; though separate, they are harmoniously connected into a unified whole.
The gate of Bich Dong Pagoda preserves its ancient beauty. (Source: Collected)
Each level of the pagoda possesses its own space and role, suitable for different levels of worship and practice. This design not only showcases the sophistication and talent in ancient architecture but also creates a spiritual journey of increasing depth, helping each visitor feel the transformation in their soul with every step.
Throughout the pagoda grounds are stone steles covered in a layer of time's dim dust. (Source: Collected)
The landscape around Bich Dong Pagoda is a wonderful blend of mountains, caves, ancient green trees, and moss-covered architectural sections. Every perspective evokes a sense of both grandeur and tranquility, bringing the human mind to peace and serenity.
3.2. Strolling along the path leading to the pagoda
As soon as visitors step into Bich Dong Pagoda, they will experience a sense of relaxation walking along the 55m ancient path shaded by rows of large trees. The fresh green space creates a natural corridor, full of vitality and romantic beauty.
The path leading to the pagoda is shaded by lush green ancient trees. (Source: Collected)
The atmosphere here is gentle, as if transporting visitors into a tranquil spiritual world. Under the canopy of leaves, green grass carpets and wild flower bushes add splashes of color, with an ancient three-gate entrance (tam quan) in front, rich with traditional imprints. Each step on this path brings a feeling of leaving behind the daily hustle and bustle, preparing for a journey to experience a sacred space.
Gentle light filters through the leaves, blending with the natural fragrance of grass and flowers. This moment is like an invitation for the soul to settle down, ready to explore the unique beauty of the three pagoda levels ahead.
3.3. Ha Pagoda
Ha Pagoda is located right at the foot of the mountain, the first place visitors set foot upon when arriving at the Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh complex. The pagoda consists of 5 bays, built with ironwood and monolithic stone placed on a high foundation. The two-tiered tiled roof system curves to form a total of 8 roofs, bearing the mark of ancient architecture.
The couplets behind Ha Pagoda still retain exquisite carvings. (Source: Collected)
The two central bays serve as the upper sanctuary, the main place of worship of the pagoda. The monolithic stone columns, over 4m high, create an imposing and sturdy appearance, along with a durable ironwood structural system, showcasing the exquisite construction techniques of the ancients. In the center, a large horizontal lacquered board inscribed with the Han characters "Mạo cổ thần thanh" is solemnly hung, praising the pagoda's divine efficacy.
The space of Ha Pagoda is both solemn and intimate, welcoming Buddhist followers and visitors from all directions. This is a suitable place to offer incense, pray, and entrust one's devotion before continuing the journey to explore the upper levels of the pagoda.
3.4. Trung Pagoda
Located halfway up Ngu Nhac Mountain, Trung Pagoda impresses with its unique design, partly built against the natural rock face, and the other part opening up to natural light. The combination of artificial elements and nature creates an unusual architectural style, rarely seen in other pagodas.
The Middle Bich Dong Pagoda is serenely reflected amidst the mountains and forests. (Source: Collected)
The pagoda consists of 3 main halls, primarily worshipping Buddha. The exterior is attached to the cliff face, while the interior is a deep cave that remains cool year-round. This architectural style demonstrates the skill of ancient people, simultaneously creating a special spiritual space where light and shadow intersect, offering a unique visual experience.
With each step up to the Middle level of the Bich Dong Pagoda, visitors will clearly feel the quiet, sacred atmosphere. Light filters through the rock crevices, creating mystical streaks of light, making everyone feel the magic of nature and reverence for Buddhism.
3.5. Upper Pagoda
To reach the Upper Pagoda, visitors need to climb about 40 stone steps along the mountainside from the Middle Pagoda. Although the journey is somewhat challenging, the reward is a worthwhile feeling upon reaching the highest level of the Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh.
Upper Bich Dong Pagoda sits high up, overlooking majestic mountains. (Source: Collected)
The Upper Pagoda is smaller in scale compared to the other two levels, leaning entirely against the cliff face with a secluded, absolutely quiet space. This is considered a separate place of purity, separated from the outside world, creating an ideal condition for contemplation and meditation.
Main sanctuary of Thuong Pagoda is filled with wisps of pure incense smoke. (Source: Collected)
Thuong Pagoda holds special significance in everyone's spiritual journey. Arriving here means reaching the highest point, helping the soul achieve peace amidst the ethereal space of clouds and sky. From this place, casting your gaze afar, you will see the panoramic view of mountains and fields stretching out below, feeling as if standing at the boundary between heaven and earth.
3.6. Dark Cave
Located behind Trung Pagoda, Dark Cave is the largest natural cave in the Bich Dong Pagoda complex, with a depth of about 60m. The space inside is always cool, bringing a pleasant feeling even when the weather outside is scorching.
Ancient bronze bell in Dark Cave echoes since 1707. (Source: Collection)
The cave still preserves a system of natural stalactites formed over thousands of years, with many unique and strange shapes. Each stalactite is a work of art by nature, contributing to the mysterious atmosphere of this place.
The most special feature in Dark Cave is the ancient bronze bell, engraved with the names of two patriarchs Tri Kien and Tri The, cast in 1707. This is not only a precious historical relic but also shows the long development of the pagoda through the centuries. The quiet space and soft light further enhance the mystical atmosphere, suitable for those who wish to pray for peace, offer incense, and contemplate.
4. Experience visiting Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh
The most suitable time to visit Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh is in spring (the 1st to 3rd lunar months) and autumn, when the weather is cool and the trees are lush green. During these days, the streams around the pagoda are crystal clear, it rains little, and the climate is pleasant, convenient for visiting the stone steps leading up to each level of the pagoda.
The ideal time to visit is early morning from 7 to 9 AM or in the afternoon after 3 PM, when the number of visitors is low and the space is quiet. This is also when the natural light is most beautiful, helping you easily capture impressive moments against the majestic mountain and forest scenery.
When visiting Bich Dong Pagoda, visitors should choose neat and modest attire, avoiding overly short clothing when entering the worship area. Maintaining order and refraining from speaking loudly or laughing will show respect for the sacred space and for those who come to worship and pray.
Maintaining the surrounding environment is also very important. Visitors should not litter, pick flowers, or climb trees within the pagoda grounds. Let's work together to protect the inherent beauty of this heritage.
After admiring the serene beauty of Bich Dong Pagoda, visitors should not forget to visit a series of famous tourist attractions in the surrounding area such as Phu Khong Trang An, Mua Cave, Tam Coc, or enjoy exciting experiences at Sun World Ha Nam, to make the trip not only emotional but also complete in every aspect.
Bich Dong Pagoda Ninh Binh is not only a place to entrust wishes but also a journey to discover cultural, historical values, and unique architecture. Take the time to visit, to fully appreciate the beauty of the 'second most beautiful cave in Vietnam (Nam Thien De Nhi Dong)' in the heart of the Trang An heritage!
