1. When was Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve recognized by UNESCO?

Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve was recognized by UNESCO in 2004. (Image: Collected)

On December 2, 2004, the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve was officially recognized by UNESCO as a World Biosphere Reserve, marking a significant milestone in Vietnam's natural conservation history. This is the 3rd biosphere reserve out of 11 in Vietnam to be recognized internationally, affirming the unique ecological value of Cat Ba Island.

UNESCO recognition is not only a source of pride but also provides a foundation for environmental protection and sustainable development efforts in Cat Ba. As a result, the biosphere reserve has become an attractive destination for nature lovers, while ensuring a balance between tourism development and the conservation of the precious ecosystem.

2. Why did Cat Ba become a World Biosphere Reserve?

Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve has diverse ecosystems. (Image: Collected)

Cat Ba was recognized by UNESCO as a World Biosphere Reserve due to its unique and rare biological value. This archipelago possesses a special combination of primary tropical rainforest on limestone islands, coastal mangroves, and a marine ecosystem with colorful coral reefs. A key highlight is the Cat Ba langur – an endemic primate species that exists only on Cat Ba Island and is distributed throughout the Lan Ha Bay area, contributing to the increased biological conservation value of the region.

In addition to biological factors, Cat Ba is also a typical model of sustainable development. The Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve has successfully balanced nature conservation and ecotourism development, providing livelihoods for the local community while ensuring the integrity of the ecosystem.

The rich cave system and the unique flora and fauna contribute to the unique appeal, making Cat Ba one of the important ecological conservation areas, highly valued by the international community in the global conservation network.

3. How to get to the biosphere reserve

Getting to the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve is quite simple. (Image: Collected)

Getting to Cat Ba is quite flexible, tourists can choose many different means of transport depending on their schedule.

From Hanoi, you take a passenger car or drive to Hai Phong (about 100km). From here, continue to take the ferry from Dong Bai ferry terminal to Cai Vieng Wharf. Another more optimal choice, often chosen by tourists, is to take the Sun World Cat Ba cable car from Cat Hai station to Phu Long station, taking only 10 minutes to travel. When taking the cable car, you can admire the beautiful scenery of the Lan Ha Bay area. After docking, it only takes 15-30 minutes to travel by car or electric car to reach the center of Cat Ba and the biosphere reserve.

If you start from Hai Phong City, you can take a ferry or speedboat from Ben Binh straight to Cai Vieng Wharf. From the wharf, there are many transportation options such as taxis, or renting motorbikes to explore the island.

For traveling on the island, renting a motorbike is the most popular choice, allowing you to freely explore the beaches, fishing villages, or Cat Ba National Park. In addition, taxis and buses are also very convenient, suitable for large groups or families.

4. Diverse ecosystem in Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve

The ecosystem in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve is a rich and unique natural picture. From rainforest on limestone mountains, coastal mangroves, to vibrant coral reefs, along with a mysterious cave system and the appearance of Cat Ba langurs and many other endemic flora and fauna, all create a diverse ecological environment, attracting both tourists and researchers. This is an ideal destination to discover the pristine beauty and unique biological value of Cat Ba island.

4.1 Tropical Rainforest on Limestone Mountains

Tropical rainforest on limestone mountains occupies the largest area in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve, covering 15,067 ha, creating a diverse and abundant ecosystem. This forest system includes many characteristic forest types: primary forest, secondary forest, and planted forests, creating an impressive natural landscape.

The vegetation here has recorded over 1,500 species, including many rare species such as Kim giao, Cho dai, and Lat hoa. Notably, some precious medicinal plants only grow on the Cat Ba limestone terrain, forming a unique source of natural medicine. The ancient tree trunks rising high among the mountains create a majestic scene, leaving a deep impression on all tourists and ecological researchers.

4.2 Mangrove Forest

Mangrove forest in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve. (Image: Collected)

The coastal mangrove forest belt in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve is considered the "green lung" of the region, playing an important role in protecting the coast from waves and storms. This ecosystem is mainly concentrated in intertidal areas, forming a natural barrier against erosion and reducing the impact of natural disasters.

The mangrove forest landscape changes with the rhythm of the tides; when the water rises, the lush green leaves reflect sparklingly on the water surface, creating a romantic and peaceful beauty. At the same time, this is also a natural "nursery" for hundreds of species of fish, shrimp, and coastal organisms, contributing to maintaining ecological balance and sustainable development of the Cat Ba marine and mangrove ecosystem.

4.3 Sea Forest with Coral Reefs

The sea around the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve is home to over 177 species of coral and nearly 200 species of fish, creating a colorful and vibrant underwater world. The coastal coral reefs stretch from large table corals to delicate soft corals, swaying with the current, creating a unique and attractive landscape.

Scuba diving here is an unforgettable experience, allowing visitors to admire the biodiversity beneath the clear water. Tropical fish swim around the coral reefs, creating a vivid and magical natural picture. This area is not only attractive to tourists but also an ideal location for marine biology researchers and those who love exploring the rich ocean world.

4.4. Mysterious Cave System

The cave network in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve hides many unique geological mysteries, with dozens of large and small caves distributed throughout the island. Trung Trang Cave stands out with a corridor about 300m long and magnificent stalactites, creating a majestic space that attracts visitors. Meanwhile, Hoa Cuong Cave fascinates visitors with its beautiful, exquisite, and diverse natural rock formations.

En Cave is a special destination with a rich cave ecosystem, home to many bat species and rare creatures that only exist in the cave environment. The light from the flashlight shining on the natural rock walls creates a magical scene, giving the experience of being lost in another world, unique and unforgettable.

4.5 Cat Ba Langur - Rare Primate of Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve

Rare white-headed langur in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve. (Image: Collected)

The white-headed langur (Trachypithecus poliocephalus) is the prominent "star" of the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve and is on the list of the world's 25 most endangered primates. With a population of less than 70 individuals, this langur species mainly lives on the limestone mountain ranges along the coast, typically in Viet Hai, Lach Tau, and Ang Ong Cam.

The special feature of the white-headed langur is its skillful ability to climb steep cliffs and live entirely in trees. The black-brown fur combined with the characteristic white hair creates a unique and unmistakable beauty. Encountering a herd of langurs in the natural environment is considered a rare stroke of luck, bringing memorable and valuable moments to both tourists and biological researchers.

4.6 Other Endemic Flora and Fauna

Besides the white-headed langur, the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve is also home to many other rare animals. The brown-yellow goat with its characteristic coat often appears in the deep forests, while the golden monkeys create echoing sounds throughout the valleys in the early morning, providing a vivid experience for tourists and researchers.

The flora in Cat Ba is also extremely rich with dozens of rare wild orchids blooming seasonally. Many endemic medicinal plants such as Dang Sam, wild cardamom, and various herbs that only grow on the Cat Ba limestone soil create invaluable natural value. In addition, the endemic species of the surrounding sea contribute to enriching the list of unique organisms, affirming Cat Ba's important position in the international biodiversity conservation system.

5. Archaeological and Historical Cultural Value

Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve stores many historical traces. (Image: Collected)

In addition to the unique biological values, the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve also preserves many important historical and archaeological traces. Sites from the Neolithic and early Metal Ages found in caves on the island show that humans have lived here for thousands of years.

Many valuable artifacts such as stone tools, pottery, and ancient residential remains have been excavated, demonstrating the long-term habitation of ancestors in Cat Ba. These discoveries not only have scientific value but also help clarify the formation and development of the island region, providing insights into local history.

In addition, the intangible cultural heritage of the local fishing community is carefully preserved. Proverbs, folk songs about the sea, traditional fishing practices, and folk festivals reflect the characteristic cultural identity of Cat Ba residents, contributing to enriching the overall value of the biosphere reserve and providing a unique cultural experience for tourists.

6. Permitted Ecotourism Activities

Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve tour. (Image: Collected)

Ecotourism in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve is designed for visitors to enjoy the natural beauty while optimally protecting the environment. Trekking to explore the primary forest is a popular activity, with carefully planned routes leading through the most unique and pristine forests on the island.

Exploring Trung Trang and Hoa Cuong caves offers the opportunity to learn about unique geology and valuable archaeological remains. Visitors can also participate in kayaking on small canals in the mangrove forest, experiencing nature in a gentle and intimate way. In addition, snorkeling or glass-bottom boat tours allow visitors to explore the colorful marine ecosystem under the clear blue water.

A special highlight is the Cat Ba langur observation tours, guided by experienced biologists and forest rangers. All activities strictly adhere to environmental protection regulations, ensuring sustainable tourism and preserving the pristine nature of the unique ecosystem on the island.

7. The role of the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve and the challenges in ecosystem conservation

Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve helps balance the ecosystem of the Northeast region. (Image: Collected)

The Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve plays an important role in protecting valuable natural resources and maintaining the ecological balance of Northeast Vietnam. It is not only a "gene bank" preserving unique biodiversity but also contributes to climate regulation, protecting the marine and forest environment, and providing sustainable livelihoods for thousands of local households.

However, the conservation of the reserve faces many challenges. Rapid tourism development can put pressure on the ecosystem, while climate change significantly impacts living organisms. The decline in the Cat Ba langur population and the risks of pollution from human activities are urgent issues that need to be addressed.

To effectively protect the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve, coordinated cooperation between local authorities, communities, and international organizations is needed. Only through persistent efforts and long-term strategies can this unique natural value be preserved and passed on to future generations.

Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve is not only the pride of Vietnam but also a precious heritage of humanity. Protecting and sustainably developing this place is our responsibility to future generations.